你能举些短语动词的例子吗？定义、类型及50+常见短语动词示例

引言

 如果你曾问过：“你能举些短语动词的例子吗？”，你并不孤单。

短语动词在日常英语中无处不在，但其含义往往无法从单个单词猜出。对语言学习者来说，理解什么是短语动词、何时使用短语动词以及如何正确使用短语动词，是实现自然口语与写作的关键。

本指南将带你掌握：

●  短语动词的定义

●  主要类型

●  结构与语序规则

●  如何在语境中使用

●  常见错误（及修正方法）

●  与普通动词的对照

●  练习题与常见问题

什么是短语动词？

 短语动词是动词加一个或多个短词（小品词），通常是介词或副词，共同构成新含义。

●  形式：动词 + 小品词（或动词 + 小品词 + 小品词）

●  示例：

- take off（脱衣，或飞机起飞）

- give up（放弃）

- look after（照顾）

其含义常为习语性，无法仅凭动词和小品词猜出：

●  pick up = 拿起或顺便学会

●  run into = 偶遇

●  break down =（机器）故障或（人）情绪崩溃

短语动词的核心类型

 短语动词可多种分类，以下是三种实用方式。

1. 可拆分 vs 不可拆分短语动词

注意：

遇到代词时，可拆分的短语动词必须拆开：

●  ✅ Turn it off.

●  ❌ Turn off it.

2. 及物 vs 不及物短语动词

3. 字面 vs 习语性短语动词

短语动词的结构规则

 正确使用短语动词，需注意语序与代词。

1. 宾语位置（可拆分动词）

可拆分短语动词：

●  名词宾语：

- ✅ She looked up the word.

- ✅ She looked the word up.

●  代词宾语：

- ✅ She looked it up.

- ❌ She looked up it.

2. 不可拆分动词：不能拆开

有些短语动词不能分离：

●  ✅ We ran into an old friend.

●  ❌ We ran an old friend into.

常见不可拆分短语动词：

●  look after

●  run into

●  get over

●  look forward to

3. 重音与强调（口语）

口语中，小品词（up, out, off 等）常重读：

●  We need to give UP now.

●  The plane TOOK OFF on time.

如何使用短语动词（功能+示例）

母语者在多种场景使用短语动词，以下是常见功能及示例。

日常行为

●  Get up – 起床

- I get up at 7 a.m. on weekdays.

●  Put on – 穿衣

- She put on her jacket and left.

●  Take off – 脱衣

- Please take off your shoes at the door.

交流沟通

●  Bring up – 提出话题

- He brought up an interesting question in the meeting.

●  Get across – 使理解

- I tried to get my point across, but they disagreed.

●  Talk over – 讨论

- Let’s talk over the plan before we decide.

情绪与反应

●  Calm down – 冷静下来

- She was upset, but she calmed down after a while.

●  Cheer up – 振作、高兴起来

- The message really cheered him up.

●  Break down – 情绪失控

- He broke down when he heard the news.

工作与学习

●  Hand in – 提交

- You must hand in your assignment by Friday.

●  Look over – 检查、复习

- I’ll look over your essay tonight.

●  Figure out – 弄明白/解决

- We finally figured out the solution.

短语动词常见错误

短语动词 vs 单一动词

逐步示例解析

句子1：

> She picked up a new language while living abroad.

●  She → 主语

●  picked up → 短语动词

●  a new language → 宾语

●  含义：她学会了一门新语言。

句子2：

> They turned the TV off and went to bed.

●  They → 主语

●  turned … off → 可拆分短语动词

●  the TV → 宾语

●  含义：他们关掉电视去睡觉。